11 



opinion was constantly accumulating" during the con- 

 tinuance of our survey, and has been greatly increased 

 by the labors of Mr. Logan, the provincial geologist 

 of Canada, along our northern boundary. 



The rocks, in place, in Vermont, are, for the most 

 part, covered by the drift formation ; but wherever 

 exposed, they are found to be worn and smoothed, 

 and, usually, striated or scratched in the direction in 

 which the drift materials have been transported, which 

 is, generally, from a little west of north to a little east 

 of. south ; but this direction is, in various places, very 

 considerably modified by the direction of the ridges 

 and valleys, being north and south in the lower parts 

 of the valleys of Lake Champlain and of Connecticut 

 river, but from north-west to south-east, and in some 

 places nearly from west to east, in the valleys and 

 gorges of the Green Mountains. Vermont furnishes 

 many veiy interesting cases of the transportation of 

 boulders to a distance of many miles from the quarries 

 in which they originated. Rolled masses of a peculiar 

 kind of granite, often of several tons weight, are found 

 scattered over the lower parts of Caledonia county, 

 from 20 to 30 miles to the south-eastward of the local- 

 ity, in Orleans county, from which they were evidently 

 derived, and blocks of a calcareous sandstone, found, in 

 place, only along the shore of Lake Champlain, are 

 met with far into the interior of the State, and, in some 

 cases, to the eastward of the principal summits of the 

 Green Mountains.* I mention these merely as exam- 



* Some of these boulders are found resting at a level 50 feet or 

 more above the highest parts of the same rocks as they are now 

 found in place. 



