FAMILY SPIRILLACEM MIGULA. 125 



appears to us to be less possible objection to the method of 

 division adopted by us than to the other. 



Critical Remarks Regarding Other Classifications of the 

 Bacteriaceae. 



The following subdivision of the genus bacillus appears to us of 

 little value : 



Spore centrally located without a bulging of the vegetative cell. 

 Bacillus in a strict sense. 



Spore centrally located with bulging of the vegetative cell. Clos= 

 tridium Prazmowski. 



Spore located at the pole without a bulging of the balance of the 

 vegetative cell. Paraplectrum A. Fischer. 



There occur various transitions in the same species, for example, 

 the Bac. 03dematis maligni, and even, according to recent investigators, 

 all anaerobes sometimes present clostridium, sometimes paraplectrum 

 forms. 



In the effort to build a genus classification upon the flagella, 

 Migula 1 has arrived at the following often unnatural classification, in 

 the more extensive application of which new complications are to be 

 feared : 



1. Cells without organs of locomotion, often with endospores. 

 Bacterium Cohn, emend. Migula. 



2. Cells with motile organs distributed over the whole body, often 

 with endospores. Bacillus Cohn, emend. Migula. 



3. Cells with polar organs of locomotion, endospore formation 

 more rare. Pseudomonas Migula. 



Thus in one genus are located Bac. anthracis, Bact. cuniculicida, 

 and Streptococcus lanceolatus ( ! ) ; in another, Bact. typhi and Bac. 

 subtilis. This is contrary to all natural relationship ! 



The classification of the bacteriacese by A. Fischer is logically con- 

 structed and clearly stated. He divides the bacteriaceae into not less 

 than four genera without and twelve with spores, which are differen- 

 tiated by the number and location of the flagella and also according to 

 the form of the rods containing spores. Because of the great varia- 

 bility of these properties, this too schematic classification has won few 

 friends. Many varieties can as well be placed in one genus as another. 

 We desist, therefore, from giving this method of classification. 



III. Family Spirillacea? Migula. Screw Bacteria. 



Vegetative bodies are unicellular, sinuously or spirally 

 curved and twisted, more or less elongated ; division 

 always at right angles to long axis; cells often united in 



1 Even if Migula desired to classify the bacteriacese according to 

 motility, the old names of Davaine bacterium for motile and 

 bactendium for non-motile varieties certainly demanded rehabili- 

 tation. 



