212 IMPORTANT VARIETIES OF FISSION-FUNGI. 



parrot cholera (Nocard), Florentines septicemia of swans (C. B. xix, 

 932), and a series of diseases in animals, which have usually been ob- 

 served but once. 



Bacterium hsemorrhagicum (Kolb), Lehm. and Neum. 



(Plate 20, vii, vin.) 



Literature by Babes (C. B. ix, 719); Kolb (A. G. vii, 60); Afanasieff 

 (C. B. xui, 402); Finkelstein (C. B. xvm, 64). 



Very closely related to, indeed, only biologically differ- 

 ent from, the Bact. septic, hamiorrhag. is an organism 

 closely studied by Babes, Tizzoni, and Giovannini, but 

 especially by Kolb (illustration, literature), which causes 

 purpura Morbus maculosus Werlhofii in man and ex- 

 perimental animals, which usually terminates fatally. 

 There occur hemorrhages into the skin, serous mem- 

 branes, lungs, kidneys, etc. , and albuminuria. 



Microscopic Appearance. Short, oval bacteria, 0.8 

 1.5 fj. long, 0.4-0.8 , thick, usually in pairs (20, vii) with 

 a small capsule in the animal body ; in cultures, short 

 rods and threads. Non-motile. By Gram's method they 

 stain poorly or not at all. Facultative anaerobe. 



Gelatin Culture. Grow rather slowly; delicate, thin, 

 whitish, spreading but little, never liquefying. Agar cul- 

 ture : Uncharacteristic, white to whitish-yellow, spread- 

 ing somewhat flatly. Upon potato, whitish, moistly glis- 

 tening, not spreading much, not tenacious. Regarding 

 the relation to sugar solution nothing is stated ; since in 

 anaerobic cultures, which bear the addition of sugar well, 

 nothing is said by Kolb of gas-formation, it does not 

 appear to cause fermentation. The varieties isolated by 

 the three above-mentioned authors were different in their 

 pathogenic effects upon experimental animals. Kolb ob- 

 tained the greatest effects upon mice, less in guinea-pigs 

 and dogs ; the organism of Tizzoni and Giovannini, on the 

 contrary, was not pathogenic for mice, but very pathogenic 

 for dogs and guinea-pigs. The animals often present 

 marked hemorrhages, with the same localization as in 

 man. 



