232 IMPORTANT VARIETIES OF FISSION-FUNGI. 



Bacterium typhi. Eberth, Gaffky. 



(Plates 16 and 17.) 



Ordinary Names. Typhoid bacillus, Bacillus typho- 

 sus Kruse-Fliigge. 



Literature. Exhaustive list of literature (689 in number) by Lose- 

 ner (A. G. A XI, 207). 



Microscopic Appearance. In organs usually short, 

 rather plump rods (1.0 3.2 p. long and 0.6 0.8 /j. broad); 

 much less often found in short chains. In cultures all 

 forms, from short rods to long threads occur, threads being 

 especially well developed upon potatoes of acid reaction. 

 The shining polar bodies are not spores (see below). Ac- 

 cording to Leo Miiller, however, the abundance and regu- 

 larity of the occurrence of these bodies upon feebly acid 

 nutrient media distinguishes the Bact. typhi from the B. 

 coli (A. K., i. Band, Heft i, 1894) (17, vm). 



Spontaneous Motion and Flagella. Active motion 

 of the short rods; in threads a very beautiful snake-like 

 motion is seen. The flagella are long and tortuous and 

 are located all about the surface of the bacteria in num- 

 bers of 8 to 14 (17, ix, x). 



Staining Properties. Not by Gram's method. 



Requirements as Regards Nutrient Media, Tem- 

 perature, and Oxygen. Grows best as aerobe, also as 

 anaerobe, and fairly well in C0 2 . Grows well upon all 

 nutrient media employed, and bears acid well. Optimum 

 about 37. Upon non-albuminous nutrient media, such 

 as Uschinsky's and similar combinations, it grows but 

 scantily. According to Proskauer and Capaldi, it, in 

 contrast to the Bact. coli, does not require the amido and 

 ammonium nitrogen of the body for its growth. 



Gelatin Plate. 



(a) Natural size. Superficial : At first small, yellow- 

 ish, punctiform colonies, becoming, in a short time, 

 roundish, irregularly notched or delicately lobulated, 

 and shining. The periphery is clear, transparent gray, 

 the center whitish, opaque, grayish-yellow, sometimes 

 slightly elevated. Deep : Punctiform, later roundish or 

 usually whetstone-shaped, yellowish (17, in). 



