BACTERIUM VVLGARE. 295 



elongated, sausage-shaped zooglese are lacking in his Pro- 

 teus Zenkeri. In Kuhn a confusion of our organism with 

 the Prot. Zenkeri is met with ; in his work it is every- 

 where called Bact. Zopfii instead of Proteus Zenkeri (A. H. 

 xm, 40). 



Bacterium vulgare. (Mauser.) Lehm. and Neum. 



(Plates 31 and 32.) 



Synonyms. Proteus vulgaris Hauser, Bacillus vulgaris 

 Mace, Migula. Proteus Hauseri Autor. , Bacillus albus cada- 

 veris Strecker and Strassmann (C. B. iv, 67), Urobacillus 

 liquefaciens septicus Krogius, Bac. foetidus ozaense Hajek, 

 Bacillus Proteus vulgaris Kruse. 



Ordinary Name. Proteus. 



Literature. Hauser, " Ueber Faulnisbakterien," Leipzig, 1885. 

 Meyerhof (C. B. XXIV, 18), extensive review of literature (152 num- 

 bers). 



Microscopic Appearance. Slender, thin rods, aver- 

 aging 1.6-4 fi in length, and 0.4-0.5 // in thickness. It is 

 often found as long threads, but it also occurs in isodia- 

 metric forms and as spiral winding threads. The mul- 

 tiplicity of the microscopic growth-forms has led to naming 

 the organism as Proteus. Upon acid nutrient media, very 

 short rods are especially produced (31, vin and ix). 



Motility. Very active, due to very abundant, long, 

 peritrichous flagella. At present our cultures exhibit 

 active motion only when examined while very young, in 

 spite of a good development of flagella (31, ix). 



Staining Properties. Stains well by Gram's method. 

 When treated by Gram's method, it was found by Meyer- 

 hof to be easily decolorized (C. B. xxiv, 27), and by Sil- 

 berschmidt to be unstained. We have demonstrated 

 anew with many cultures that it stains well. 



Requirements as Regards Oxygen and Nutrient 

 Media. It grows equally well aerobically and anaerob- 

 ically, also in C0 2 . The most variable nutrient media 

 (also non- albuminous) are suited to it. It grows very 

 rapidly. Hauser found that, in the absence of oxygen 

 and in carbonic acid, growth was poor, also upon non- 



