376 IMPORTANT VARIETIES OF FISSION-FUNGI. 



bouillon, short, straight rods which stain like the chicken cholera 

 bacteria ; upon agar, beautiful screws and bizarre threads (56, in) ; 

 upon gelatin, almost only the latter are produced (56, iv). They are 

 always without motility. With further cultivation the tenacity of 

 the cultures is rapidly reduced. Upon gelatin plates, when magnified 

 eighty times, there occur minute, yellowish-brown, finely granular 

 colonies with sharp borders. Gelatin stab cultures resemble Strept. 

 pyogenes, the surface growth being minimal. There is no liquefac- 

 tion. Upon agar the growth is somewhat more luxuriant, and little 

 characteristic; there is a luxuriant growth in nutrient bouillon and 

 bouillon-agar mixture. There is no growth upon potato, and no 

 marked odor. It has no decided pathogenic action. Found in nasal 

 mucus and coating on tongue. 



Vibrio lingualis. Weibel (C. B. iv, 227). 



According to "Weibel, this variety corresponds to the former in ab- 

 sence of motility and liquefaction of gelatin. 



Microscopically: Vibriones and threads wavy in one plane, spiral 

 forms do not seem to occur. Gelatin stab culture is somewhat more 

 luxuriant than in the preceding. Upon gelatin plates the deep col- 

 onies present a finely threaded border, the threads being coiled and 

 matted, and the colony resembling anthrax to a certain extent. In 

 bouillon there is a flocculent precipitate. It is distinguished from all 

 other known vibrios in that it stains by Gram's method. 



2. Spirillum. Ehrenberg, emend. Loffler (C. B. 

 vii, 634). 



Long cells, bent into spirals, corkscrew-like, rigid, with 

 usually a unipolar (often bipolar) bunch of flagella. l 



For a long time only two true spirilla were obtained in 

 pure culture and easily cultivated: Spirillum rubrum 

 v. Esmarch and Sp. concentricum Kitasato. Kutscher 

 (Z. H. xx, 46, and C. B. xvm, 614) and Bonhoff (H. 

 R. vi, 351) have widened our knowledge of the spirilla 

 species very much, by cultivating from fluid manure and 

 the feces of swine an entire series of spirilla which were 

 already partially known through E. 0. Miiller, Ehrenberg, 



1 Zettnow (Z. H. xxiv, 72, and C. B. L. IV, 389) has made careful 

 studies regarding the structure of this organism, through which he 

 was led to entirely different results from those of A. Fischer and 

 Migula, which we related on page 20. His results, on the contrary, 

 correspond with those of Biitschli, founded upon many low organisms: 

 lack of a distinct membrane, honeycomb structure of the entire cell, 

 with numerous granules lying within. 



