378 IMPORTANT VARIETIES OF FISSION-FUNGI. 



moderately turbid. Milk is not coagulated. There is 

 neither formation of gas, nor H 2 S, nor indol. 



On one occasion it was cultivated by Kitasato from 

 putrid blood. 



Spirillum rubrum. v. Esmarch (C. B. i, 225). 

 (Plate 55, i-v a.) 



Beautiful threads, more or less elongated or winding, 

 like a corkscrew, often as long as 16 /j. on an average, 

 1-3.2/* long and 0.6-0.8;* thick (55, v). They are motile 

 because of terminal bunches of flagella, and stain by 

 Gram's method. Upon gelatin plates the colonies are at 

 first roundish, almost smooth-bordered, and later they 

 usually have concentric rings with a yellowish-gray cen- 

 tral part. The peripheral zones usually appear greenish 

 or reddish. The gelatin and agar stabs grow below the 

 surface in a spindle or cylindric form, being at first gray- 

 ish-yellow, later rusty brown to red (55, i). In the agar 

 streak there is a very scanty surface growth (55, n). 

 Upon the agar plate the colonies are transparent and 

 slightly crumbly (55, in). Bouillon is rendered faintly 

 cloudy. Gelatin is not liquefied. No formation of gas 

 nor of H. 2 S. Indol is produced in traces. 



On one occasion cultivated by v. Esmarch from a dead 

 mouse. At first it was preferably an anaerobe; after con- 

 tinued culture in bacteriologic collections, it now also 

 grows well at times as an aerobe. 



Spirillum rugula. (Cohn.) Lehm. and Neum. 1 



We may add to our remarks upon page 126 in accordance with the 

 investigations of Bonhoff. It is a true spirillum, with thick threads, 

 8-16 [i long and 1.5-2// thick, and is provided with terminal bunches 

 of flagella. Prazmowski's "spores" could not be demonstrated with 

 certainty as such by Bonhoff. Zettnow is convinced that Prazmowski 

 was deceived. Gelatin plate colonies resemble very much those of an- 

 thrax; gelatin is never liquefied. 



1 There appears to be a certain similarity in the cultures to the 

 Vibrio III of Kutscher, which is a thick vibrio provided with bunches 

 of flagella. 



