TYPHUS EXANTHEMATICUS. 473 



fluid nutrient media. The great tenacity of the cultures 

 is striking. 



Doehle (C. B. xn, 906) and L. Pfeiffer consider proto- 

 zoa to be the cause of scarlatina. 



Ulcerative Stomatitis and Angina. 



Bernheim (C. B. xxm, 177) described two organisms as 

 frequently or constantly present in the ulcers of the gums 

 and tonsils: 



1. A bacillus resembling the B. diphtherias (once no- 

 ticed to be motile), somewhat larger than it, with pointed 

 ends, often more or less curved, staining rather faintly 

 with Loftier' s methylene-blue, and decolorized by Gram's 

 method if the alcohol acts a long time. 



2. A fine spirochaete, which does not stain by Gram's 

 method, similar to the spirochaetse of the teeth. 



Neither could be cultivated. 



Similar results have been obtained by many other 

 writers, as Vincent and Abel. (See Abel, C. B. xxiv, 1). 

 The results obtained by Vincent in hospital gangrene in 

 Madagascar are strikingly similar; also both organisms 

 were present. (Compare p. 468.) 



J. Seitz has described as the Bacillus hastilis a widely 

 distributed (tonsils, etc.), long, slender organism with 

 pointed ends, which has not been obtained in pure cul- 

 ture. It appears to be closely related to Bernheim' s 

 organism of stomatitis ulcerosa. From non-saccharine 

 bouillon it forms foul-smelling gas (Z. H. xxx, 47). 



Trichorrhexis Nodosa. 



According to Marcusfeld, caused by a sporulating bacil- 

 lus, perhaps from the subtilis group. The relation to the 

 disease is uncertain (C. B. xxi, 230). 



Typhus Exanthematicus. 



Lewaschoff (C. B. xii, 635, 728; xvm, p. 132) claims 

 to have cultivated a characteristic Micrococcus exanthema- 

 Ileus in pure culture upon ascites-agar from the juice of 

 the spleen or blood from the finger in 118 cases of typhus 



