206 



PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY 



222. Making quadrat charts. The quadrat is staked out in the 

 manner already described. The chart is made to the scale of 

 10 :L A square decimeter is outlined on centimeter plotting 

 paper, and the centimeter squares are numbered at the edges to 

 correspond to the intervals of the quadrat. The upper and lower 

 lines are numbered from left to right, and the side lines from top 

 to bottom. Mapping is always begun at the upper left-hand 

 corner of the chart. The position of the plants in the first deci- 

 meter of the quadrat is indicated in the first centimeter of the 



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Fig. 73. A quadrat in the foothill thicket formation near Manitou. The 

 principal species is the painted-cup, Castilleia integra. 



chart, the small squares aiding in determining the exact location. 

 As soon as the first decimeter strip is plotted, the upper tape is 

 moved to outline a new strip, and this is repeated until the quadrat 

 is finished. 



Each plant is put down whenever possible, but mats, turfs, 

 and mosses are merely outlined in mass as a rule. This is usually 

 done with large rosettes and mats also, even when they are single 

 plants. Each plant is represented by the initial letters of the 

 name. The first letter of the generic name is used, if no other 

 genus found in the quadrat begins with the same letter. If two 



