258 



PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY 



273. The results of competition. A plant adjusts itself in 

 so far as possible to the changes in factors brought about by its 

 competitors. Hence competition may bring about changes in 



Fig. 103. Effects of competition for light between individuals of Solidago 

 canadensis. The tall plants grew in the edge of the family and ahaded 

 the small plants of the center. 



size, form, and structure of the individuals, or in their arrange- 

 ment, i.e., in vegetation. Change in size and general form is 

 one of the most striking effects wherever the plants are densely 

 crowded. Changes in the form and structure of leaf and root 



