.308 



INDEX 



ephemeral flowers, 123, 130 

 epidermal cells, changes of, 147 



layer of root, 42 



region, 52 

 epidermis, changes of, 177 



print, 78 



protection of, 144 

 epiphytes, 151 

 Erica, 162 

 Ericales, 162 



Erigeron, 131, 158, 227, 293 

 Eriophorum, 242 



pinnatisectus , 161 



speciosus, 178 

 eroded soils, succession in, 279 

 erosion, 283 

 Erysimum, 247 

 Erythronium, 120, 229 

 Escfischoltzia calif ornica, 121 

 establishment, 220 

 etiolation, 81 

 etiolin, 80 

 Euphorbia, 164 

 evolution, 185 



after Darwin, 189 



experimental, 201 



fundamental methods of, 191 

 exoderm, 41, 52 

 exosmose, 46 

 exotic, 268 



experimental adaptation to water,! 53 

 experimental evolution, 201 

 exposure, 22, 27 



facies, 221 



factors, constant, 31 



in competition, 253 



in ecesis, 262 



variable, 31 

 "fairy-rings," 295 

 family, 225, 228, 237 

 fermentation, 102 

 Festuca, 293 

 fibro vascular bundles, 51, 84 



system, 52 



system in transport, 51 

 flagellate disseminules, 243 

 flattened form, 163 

 fleshy disseminules, 243 



fruits, 131 

 floating plants, 167 

 flooded soils, succession in, 280 

 flowering, period of, 128 



time of daily flowering, 130 

 flowers, zygomorphic, liS 

 fluctuating variability, 189 

 follicle, 132 

 form of leaves, 178 



of stems, 179 

 fomialdehyde, 82 



formations, classification of, 230 



closed, 231,235 



development and structure, 219 



historical factor in, 219 



hydrophj'tic, 232 



maps, 213 



mesophytic, 233 



mixed, 231, 235 



nature of, 215 



open, 231,235 



parts of, 225 



plant, 215 



recognition of, 216 



relation between habitat and, 218 



structure of, 221 



types of, 232 



xerophytic, 233 

 formula for vegetation, 205 



for water content, 11 

 Fragaria, 212 

 Frasera speciosa, 269 

 freezing, 96 

 fructification, 131 

 fruit-distributed plants, 242 

 fi-uits, movements of, 132 

 Fuchsia, 137 



functions influenced by temperature, 

 91 



light, 71 



of the stem, 54 



of vegetation, 219 

 fungi, digestion in, 99 



Galium, 182 

 gametophore, 115 

 Gaura parviflora, 181 

 geitonogamy, 124, 125 

 Genista, 162, 163 

 Gentiana, 120 

 geotome, 10 

 geotropism, 135 



cause and reaction, 137 



ecological significance of, 139 

 Geranium, 247 

 germination, 102 



in ecesis, 263 

 Gilia, 120, 160, 162 

 glaciers, in migration, 146 

 Glwocapsa, 237 

 gkipospores, 243 

 glucose, 82, 84, 101 

 Gossypium., 242 

 Graminacece, 126, 242 

 grass form, 160 

 gravity, 108 



in migration, 246 



reaction tmie, 138 



region of curvature, 138 



relation of plant to, 135 



sensory zone, 138 



! 



