Crustacean Life N 13 



(8) 17 inches water Bottom brown sand 



/Q\ 1Q it it t( 



\yj ly 



(10) 20 " " " " 



(11) 30 " " Bottom black mud, cover- 



(12) 28 " " ed by brown sand. 



Hole (1) was 25 paces from the boulder, and (12) 100 paces from the other 

 shore; holes (1) to (9) were 25 paces apart and (9) to (12) 100 paces apart. 

 It will thus be seen, that the maximum depth of the lake is less than three feet; 

 and 'by walking along the middle of it for its whole length and being able to see 

 the bottom through the ice all the way I definitely proved this. In spite of this 

 there were more open water and recently frozen over lanes in the middle of the 

 lake and near its north shore 1 on this date than in the two other large lakes men- 

 tioned below. This is probably because there is a certain amount of circulation 

 in the large, shallow lake, until the deep part of its outlet, right at the lake, 

 freezes to the bottom, while the two other lakes have no flowing water in their 

 outlets in the fall. No trouts were observed in it, but sticklebacks (Pygosteus 

 pungitius), snails (Aplexa, Lymnaea, Valvata), aquatic insects, etc., were common 

 in this large, shallow lake. 



The east end of the second big lake is also partly shown on the detail map 

 of Bernard harbour. It lies about 65 feet above sea level, in close proximity 

 to the large, shallow lake (at only half that elevation) mentioned above and 

 only separated from it by a gravel ridge about 125 feet high, and in the spring 

 emptying some of its overflow into it, through the creek mentioned before. 

 Towards the east there is an old, forked creek bed, which in the spring carries 

 melting water from the slopes to the sea, passing through the small brackish 

 pond at the mouth of the large creek already described. This large lake is 

 l3ounded on its west and north sides by the steep slopes of the gravel ridge 

 just referred to, and on its south and east sides by lower tundra slopes which 

 form a sandy beach with or without aquatic vegetation (Carex, Juncus, etc.) 

 here and there (see Plate III, fig. 1). While the two other large lakes at Bernard 

 harbour are more or less rounded-oval in outline, this one is bottle-shaped, having 

 a long, almost cylindrical, eastern part connected with the wide, rounded, western 

 part by a narrow sound, about 175 paces wide, about midway down the lake. 



On September 23, 1915, I took a line of soundings from the ice across this 

 narrow place with the following result (maximum depth in italics) : 



(1) 45 inches water Bottom stones and sand. 



(2) 76 inches water Bottom sandy mud. 



(3) 80 " " Bottom as (2). 



(4) 41 " Bottom as (1). 



The ice was 7 to 9 inches thick. Hole (1) was 25 paces from the south shore 

 hole (4) 45 paces from north shore; soundings 25 paces apart. The next day 

 I took another line of soundings across the eastern part of the same lake, about 

 half way between the soundings of the preceding day and the shore at the east 

 end of the lake. The result follows (maximum depth in italics) : 



(1) 63 inches water Bottom brown sandy mud 



(2) 87 " " " " 



(3) 150 " " 1 



(4) 160 " " Bottom brown (3) or dark- 



(5)157 " " } green (4), (5), sandy 



(6) 151 " | mud with thin ice- 



(7) 148 " " layer and green algae. 



(8) 100 " " j 



(9) 60 Stones and sand. 



J Where the lake is deepest. 



