14 N 



Canadian Arctic Expedition, 1918-1918 



Hole (1) was 25 paces from south shore; hole (9) the same distance from 

 north shore; holes (1) to (3) 25 paces apart; holes (3) to (7) were 12 \ paces apart, 

 and (7) to (9) were 25 paces apart. The distance from this line of soundings to 

 the east shore of the lake was 475 paces. The ice was 7 to 8 inches thick, bu1 

 only 3 to 4 inches near the north shore. 



Two days later I took a third line of soundings across the wide western part 

 referred to above, so far as I could judge, at the place where the lake was widesl 

 hereabout, about halfway between the soundings of September 23, 1915, and 

 the west end of the lake. I found the following depths (maximum depth in 

 italics). The ice was 6| to 8J inches thick, at certain places only 4 inches. 



(1) 44 inches water Bottom stones and sand. 



(2) 58 



(3) 68 " " and mud. 



Bottom brown, sandy mud. 



Bottom black, sandy mud. 



(4) 82 



(5) 92 



(6) 95 



(7) 97 



(8) 100 



(9) 107 



(10) 120 



(11) 120 



(12) 120 



(13) 113 



(14) 113 



(15) 109 



(16) 107 



(17) 106 



(18) 105 



(19) 99 



(20) 90 



(21) 77 



(22) 62 



(23) 40 



Bottom as (5). 



Bottom as (2). 



Soundings 25 paces apart; hole (1) 25 paces from south shore; hole (23) 

 20 paces from north shore. 



It will be seen from these three lines of soundings, that the 10 feet deep 

 western part of the lake is separated from the (15 feet) deepest eastern part by 

 a shoal (until 6J feet deep) at the narrows. Some microscopic entomostraca 

 (cladocera, copepoda, and ostracoda), etc., were obtained by vertical hauls 

 with a plankton net in this lake on September 26, 1915. The usual life of 

 aquatic insects, sticklebacks, etc., was of course also found. No trout were 

 observed or secured in this lake, though fishnets were set under the ice in the 

 fall of 1915. 



We now come to the third of the big lakes at Bernard harbour. It is situated 

 at 16 feet elevation about 700 feet south of the bay in which the large creek, 

 formerly referred to, comes out. Its somewhat oval shape is well shown on 

 the detail map, and it is about \ mile long with a maximum width of less than 

 half of that. A view of it is reproduced on p. 6, in Vol. VII, Part H, of these 

 reports, from which it will be seen, that it lies in an extensive valley-plain 

 surrounded by swamps or low tundra elevations. Only at the time of maxi- 

 mum snow melting does it have an outlet to the sea to the north of it; this 

 outlet is not nearly so well defined as that from the other two large lakes men- 

 tioned, and has more the character of depressions in the swamp between the middle 

 of the north shore of the lake and the sea, than of a creek bed. From July on 

 it is practically dried up. 





