J, E. TESCHEMACHER'S ADDRESS. 611 



from any great distance, yet that charcoal is entirely within 

 the reach of every industrious and intelligent farmer, and can 

 easily be manufactured by him in such quantity and of such 

 quality as will enable him to render the poorest soil as perma- 

 nently and luxuriantly productive as the richest. 



To this subject I shall therefore devote the chief part of the 

 time which remains, and I have chosen it as one of the greatest 

 interest, and as practically applicable to the farms of this sandy 

 and stony county. 



There is but one way of permanently enriching this soil and 

 putting it into such good heart as to enable it to afford con- 

 stant remunerating crops ; and this is, to use artificial manure 

 for several consecutive years, and carefully to accumulate, 

 manage, and preserve all the manure and refuse that can be 

 collected on the farm during this period, and when this is 

 properly manufactured into a rich charcoaly mass, saturated 

 with all the valuable salts, to apply it in such quantity that it 

 shall form a permanent absorbing mass with the soil, which 

 cannot be blown or frittered away, or washed out or rendered 

 useless by the hot sun for years. As on the mode of carrying 

 this operation properly into effect depends its entire success, 

 I must detain you a short time for the purpose of entering into 

 its practical working details and calculations ; but I wish first 

 to make two broad assertions. One is, that any soil which is 

 soil, that is to say, which is not entirely sand, entirely clay, or 

 entirely stones, can be made to produce constantly and eco- 

 nomically fine crops of vegetation of almost any kind that the 

 climate will allow. 



The other assertion is, that the exhaustion of well-tilled soil 

 by crops alone, is a complete fallacy; it may be exhausted by 

 putting on lime or other injurious substances, but not by crop- 

 ping if properly worked. The various soils of England have 

 produced wheat for many centuries, and they are now less 

 exhausted than ever, for the average produce per acre has risen 

 successively from 15 to 22 bushels, and within the last seven 

 years, from which period we may date the great improvements 

 in agriculture, it has reached the high figure of 32 bushels to 

 the acre, but 40 to 50 bushels is a common yield. More than 



