CONTENTS IX 



Page 

 Phosphorus; Availabihty Varies According to Ivind of Plant; Availability of 

 Iron and Sulfur — Availabihty of Nitrogen — Nitrification — Aided by Liming; 

 Influenced by Methods of Soil Management; Influenced by Temperature and 

 Soil Moisture — Losses of Nitrogen from the Soil — Maintaining the Nitrogen 

 Supply of the Soil — Nitrogen Fixation— Soil Reaction, Acidity and 

 Alkahnity — Soil Reaction and the Availability of Phosphorus; Soil Reaction 

 and the Availability Of Iron; Acid Tolerance of Certain Crops — Concent- 

 ration, Soil "Alkah" — Tolerance of Different Fruits; Injuries from Excessive 

 Fertilization; some effects of Soil Alkali; Remedial Measures — Soil Toxicity 

 — General and Specific Effects; Protecting Against Toxins; Importance in 

 the Fruit Plantation — Antagonism; Aeration; Selective Absorption — 

 Transpiration — The Nutrient Requirements of Crop and Fruit Plants — 

 Summary. 



CHAPTER VIII 



Individual. Elements 130 



Nitrogen — Synthesis of Organic Nitrogenous Compounds — Translocation 

 and Use of Elaborated Nitrogenous Compounds — Seasonal Distribution of 

 Nitrogen — In Leaves; in Branches, Trunks and Roots; in Spurs; in Fru't; in 

 Various Tissues of Trees of Different Age — Phosphorus — Synthesis of Phos- 

 phorus-contain'ng Orgaific Compounds — Translocation and Use of Phos- 

 phorous-containing Compounds — Amounts Used in Fruit Production — 

 Seasonal Distribution of Phosphorus — In Leaves; in Branches, Trunk and 

 Roots ; in Spurs ; in Fruit ; in Various Tissues of Trees of Different Ages — Potas- 

 sium — Synthesis, Translocation and use of Potassium-containing Compounds 

 — The Demand and the Supply — Seasonal Distribution of Potassium — 

 In Leaves; in Branches, Roots and Trunks; in Spurs; in Fruit; in Various Tis- 

 sues of Trees of Different Age — Sulfur — Iron — Magnesium — Calcium — 

 Seasonal Distribution of Calcium — In Buds and Leaves; in Bark and Wood; 

 In Fruits — The Demand and the Supply — Other Mineral Elements — Silicon; 

 Sodium; Chlorine; Aluminum and Manganese — Summary. 



CHAPTER IX 



Manufacture and Utilization op Carbohydrates 161 



Assimilation and Limiting Factors Defined — Carbon Assimilation — Factors 

 Involved — Carbon Dioxide; Water; Light — Leaf Pigments — Variation with 

 Age; Variation with Light Supply — Temperature; Enzymes — Products 

 — Oxygen- — Carbohydrates — Daily and Seasonal Fluctuation in Leaves; 

 Forms of Storage — Seasonal Fluctuations of Stored Carbohydrates — Easily 

 Hydrolizable Carbohydrates; Starch; Sugars — Carbohydrate Utilization — • 

 In Tissue Building; in Retaining Moisture; Increasing Osmotic Concentra- 

 tion; as a Source of Energy; Relation to Pigment Formation — Summary. 



CHAPTER X 



The Initiation of the Reproductive Processes . 181 



The Development of the Fruitful Condition — The Response of the Plant 

 to Changes in Relative Amounts of Nitrogen and of Carbohydrates — The 

 Significance of Carbohydrate Accumulation, Manufacture in Excess of 

 Utilization — In Fruit Spurs; Influence of the Nitrate Supply; Influence of the 

 Moisture Supp'y; Influence of Other Factors — Fruit-bud Formation — 



