400 FUNDAMENTALS OF FRUIT PRODUCTION 



continued bearing of the individual spurs makes for a comparatively 

 compact type of tree growth. 



The juneberrj^ or shadbush (Amelanchier) and hawthorn or azarole {Cratoe- 

 gus) have bearing habits practically identical with those of the apple and pear 

 just described. 



Mention should be made that both the apple and pear occasionally bear 

 lateral fruit buds on long shoots. Certain varieties, like Wagener, are particu- 

 larly given to this habit. It is found more frequently in young vigorous trees 

 than in those with a settled bearing habit. However, the fact that it may occur 

 on almost any variety and that occasionally a considerable percentage of the 

 crop may be borne in this way, is evidence that this habit is a response to unusual 

 nutritive conditions. The special treatment that should be accorded trees 

 fruiting in this manner is discussed under Pruning of the Apple and Pear. 



/ 

 Figs. 39-42. — Diagrams showing (from left to right) bearing habits of loquat, apple 

 olive and peach. F equals fruit; B equals flower bud; L equals leaf bud. One-year-old 

 wood shown by solid line, two-year-old wood by broken line. 



The bearing habit of the quince and the medlar is similar to that of the 

 apple and pear, except that when the terminal (mixed) fruit bud unfolds 

 it gives rise to a leafy shoot of medium length, with medium long instead 

 of short internodes and the flowers are borne terminally on this shoot. 

 Fruit buds for the following season's production are borne terminally on 

 shoots springing from lateral buds on either flowering or non-flowering 

 shoots, or from terminal buds on older shoots that the year before did not 

 differentiate flower buds. These fruits consequently are not such com- 

 pact growers as the apple or pear, though the shorter growth of their 

 purely vegetative shoots and the greater tendency for their lateral buds to 

 grow rather than remain latent may give them a very thick and brushy 

 appearance. 



The haw {Viburnum), elder (Sambunis), and clove (Caryophyllus aromaticus) 

 have bearing habits similar to the quince and medlar, though occasionally they 

 differentiate flower buds terminally, like the apple and pear on short growths, 

 which are essentially spurs. All these fruits are opposite-leaved and it fre- 

 quently happens that the lateral buds in the axils of the upper leaves differenti- 

 ate flower parts. This is more likely to happen if the terminal bud is injured or 

 destroved. 



