GROWING AND FRUITING HABITS 405 



Group VII. — Fruit buds borne both terminally and laterally, inflo- 

 rescences generally terminal. The fruits that are discussed here might 

 be included with those of Groups II and IV for they represent a combi- 

 nation of those two fruiting habits, but for convenience they are con- 

 sidered separatel.y. 



In the walnut, hickory and pecan the terminal bud may give rise to 

 a short leafy shoot ending in a female inflorescence (see Figure 48). The 

 male flowers are borne on leafless inflorescences arising from lateral 

 buds not far below the terminal. In the walnut there are two superposed 

 buds in each leaf axil, the upper being usually the first to open. At a 

 single node two male inflorescences may appear simultaneously from the 

 two buds, or a leafy shoot may come from the upper and an inflorescence 

 from the lower. In the hickory the male catkins are sometimes borne 

 in the axils of the basal leaves on the terminal shoot, resulting in the pro- 

 duction of male and female flowers on the same shoot. 



Group VIII. — Fruit buds adventitious. Since adventitious fruit 

 buds are necessarily lateral, the plants included here might readily be 

 classed with those of Groups IV, V or VI. However, this bearing habit 

 is more or less distinct and these fruits may well be placed in a separate 

 class. 



The jaboticaba and cambuca form adventitious flower buds on their trunks, 

 main and smaller limbs and even on their exposed roots. These produce no 

 leaves when they open. 



The cacao bears in the same way, though the flower buds appear first on the 

 trunk and as the trees grow older, on the whorled branches. 



The coffee produces fruiting branches from adventitious buds at the nodes. 

 The upper bud becomes a horizontal fruit-bearing branch, the lower an upright 

 vegetative shoot. 



Group IX. — There is another group of plants which have fruit buds 

 in the axils of the leaves and in which these buds unfold and develop 

 their flowers and fruits very soon after the flower parts are differentiated. 

 However, it is not possible to draw a clear line between this fruiting 

 habit and that described for Group IV. 



This group includes the passion fruit (Passiflora), the papaya (Carica papaya) 

 and many others with a more or less herbaceous type of growth. In culture, 

 as well as in growing and fruiting habits, these plants resemble certain vegetables 

 more closely than deciduous fruits. 



The Relation of Fruiting Habit to Alternate Bearing.— Terminal 

 fruit bud formation often has been regarded as an explanation of the 

 alternate bearing frequently occurring in species or varieties with 

 this fruiting habit. However, not all the terminal buds on shoots and 

 spurs of plants with a terminal-fruit-bud-bearing habit develop into 

 fruit buds at one time. Many are leaf buds and unfold Icafv non- 



