THE RECIPROCAL INFLUENCES OF STOCK AND CION 557 



breaking off, death being due to the failure of the roots to receive enough 

 elaborated food from above, though the tops seemed not to suffer greatly 

 till the root systems collapsed. Paul C. Stark reports the peach a much 

 better stock for apricot than plum. In California there appears to be 

 little difficulty in effecting union between apricot cion and peach or plum 

 stock, but the almond stock proves recalcitrant.^^* In France certain 

 plum stocks are used in the north but farther south success is attained 

 with ahftond, apricot and peach stocks as well as plums. Evidently 

 the same difficulty is experienced with almond stock near the Mediter- 

 ranean, for Baltet described a double working when this stock was 

 used.i" 



From India is reported an interesting case. Brown, ^^ trying 

 numerous stocks for Malta and Satsuma oranges, found extraordinary 

 differences in the behavior of the sam'e variety on different stocks and 

 of the same stock worked to different variaties. For the Malta orange 

 the "rough lemon" gave greatest vigor and fruitfulness, the "sweet 

 lime" was suitable only to amateur growing, producing a small tree with 

 a few oranges of high quality, while the citron and sour orange were 

 unsuitable. On the other hand the Satsuma orange gave best results 

 on the sweet lime; the rough lemon and citron proved unsuitable. 

 Figures 56, 57 and 58 show clearly differences associated with the influ- 

 ence of stock on cion and of cion on stock. It is noted by Brown that 

 his results are not in accord with American experience, particularly in 

 the poor growth with the sour orange as a stock for the Malta orange. 

 The Satsuma on the same stock was satisfactory, completely reversing 

 the results obtained in California. 



This situation seems analagous to that just outlined for grapes and 

 suggests that adaptability and possibly congeniality may be operative 

 in producing these striking differences and contradictions. 



THE INFLUENCE OF STOCK ON CION 



The recognition of dwarfing stocks is assertion of the effects of the 

 stock on the cion; the recognition of the utility of grafting is acquies- 

 cence in the independence of the cion. At first glance the question 

 seems to hang on both horns of the dilemma. 



Stature. — At the outset the dwarfing effects of certain stocks, such 

 as the quince on the pear, the Paradise and Doucin apples on the standard 

 apples, the Sand Cherry on plums and sundry others must be conceded 

 as evidence of the effect of the stock on the cion. 



Parenthetically it may be stated that much of the conflicting evidence con- 

 cerning quince stock is due to the different kinds of quince used. Barry, as 

 early as 1848, noted a mixing of quince stocks as received from French nurseries. ^^ 

 Apparently in England at present the situation is very much confused.^^ 



