THE RECIPROCAL INFLUENCES OF STOCK AND CION 575 



ment, one of the greatest pomological experiments the world has seen, 

 has failed to show any consistent deterioration in the quality of the prod- 

 uct that could be attributed to the use of American stocks. In fact, at 

 times wine from grafted vines has brought higher prices than that from 

 the same varieties on their own roots. >^ 



Sahut cites among instances where the quality is not injured by the stock, 

 Vinifera grapes on American stocks, cherry on Mahaleb, almond on bitter almond, 

 apricot on the common plum. In some cases, he states, more, larger and better 

 fruits are secured by particular stocks, as in pears on the quince, apples on the 

 Paradise, peach on the almond. The loquat on hawthorn, he states, is more 

 perfumed and less acid than on its own or on quince roots, while of pears on haw- 

 thorn some retain and some lose their quality. 



Some years ago California citrus growers hesitated to use sour orange 

 stock through fear of spoiling the quality of their fruit, but extensive 

 tests have shown no differences induced by either sour or sweet stock. ^^° 



Swingle^^'' reports that the Satsuma orange on sweet orange stock 

 bears fruit that is coarse, dry and insipid, as well as being later in ripening 

 than on trifoliate stock, while on the latter the fruit is much improved in 

 quality. Elsewhere the incompatibility between this orange and all 

 stocks except trifoliate is discussed. 



In Pomaceous Fruits. — Riviere and Bailhache^^^ present 3 years' 

 average analyses of Triomphe de Jodoigne pears from trees of equal age, 

 standing side by side, one on quince, the other on pear roots. The 

 fruits on the standard tree averaged 280 grams in weight, those on the 

 dwarf, 406 grams; total sugars per liter of juice: in the standard, 93.4 

 grams, in the dwarf, 102.3 grams. The investigators calculate that a 

 crop of 300 fruits would produce on the standard tree 7 kilograms of 

 sugar and on the dwarf, 11. Two years' investigations on Doyenne 

 d'hiver showed: On quince stocks, average weight of fruit, 435 grams, 

 sugar percentage in juice, 11.59; on standard, average weight of fruit, 

 230 grams, sugar percentage in juice, 9.04. 



Commenting on some experimental tests of dwarf apples in New 

 York, Hedrick^'^ states: "It is a common claim that dwarf apple trees 

 produce larger, handsomer and better flavored fruits than standard trees. 

 There is little in these three orchards to substantiate these claims. There 

 are differences between trees on the three stocks but they are as often as 

 not in favor of standards as of dwarfs." 



In Stone Fruits. — For the stone fruits Knight ^° may be quoted: 

 "But I have subsequently planted two trees (of Moorpark apricot) 

 growing upon plum stocks, and two upon apricot stocks, upon the same 

 aspects, and in a similar soil, giving those upon the plum stocks the advan- 

 tage of some superiority in age, and I have found the produce of the 

 apricot stocks to be in every respect greatly the best. It is much more 



