1858.] SENATE— No. 4. 63 



of Breeding Cattle, and Dairy Husbandry, recently published 

 by Ellerbrock. " She should have," he says, " a considerable 

 size, not less than two Amsterdam ells, or four and a half feet 

 girth, with a length of body corresponding ; legs proportionally 

 short ; a finely formed head, with a forehead or face somewhat 

 concave ; clear, large, mild and sparkling eyes, yet with no 

 expression of wildness ; tolerably large and stout ears standing 

 out from the head ; fine well-curved horns ; a rather short than 

 long, thick, broad neck, with large dewlap, well set against the 

 chest and withers ; the front part of the breast and the shoul- 

 ders must be broad and fleshy ; the low hanging dewlap must 

 be soft to the touch ; the back and loins must be properly pro- 

 jected, somewhat broad, the bones not too sharp, but well 

 covered with flesh; the animal should have long, curved ribs, 

 which form a broad breast-bone ; the body must be round and 

 deep, but not sunken into a hanging belly ; the rump must not 

 be uneven, the hip bones should not stand out too broad and 

 spreading, but all the parts should be level and well filled up ; 

 a fine tail, set moderately high up and tolerably long, but slender 

 with a thick bushy tuft of hair at the end hanging down below 

 the hocks ; the legs must be short and low but strong in the 

 bony structure, the knees broad with flexible joints ; the muscles 

 and sinews must be firm and sound, the hoofs broad and flat, 

 and the position of the legs natural, not too close and crowded ; 

 the hide covered with fine glossy hair, must be soft and mellow 

 to the touch and set loose upon the body. A large, rather long, 

 white and loose udder, extending well back, with four long 

 teats, serves also as a characteristic mark of a good milch cow. 

 Large and prominent milk veins must extend from the navel 

 back to the udder ; the belly of a good milch cow should not 

 be too deep and hanging. The color of the North Dutch cattle 

 is mostly variegated. Cows with only one color are no favor- 

 ites. Red or black variegated, gray and blue variegated ; roan, 

 spotted and white variegated cows are especially liked." 



In the " Farmers' Encyclopaedia," the marks of a good milch 

 cow are stated as follows : " A milch cow, good for the pail as 

 long as she is wanted, and then quickly got into marketable 

 condition, should have a long and rather small head ; a large 

 headed cow will seldom fatten or yield much milk. The eye 

 should be bright, yet with a peculiar placidness of expression ; 



