194 MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURE. 



buckwheat early, and when sufficiently ripened, ploughing it 

 in, thereby producing honey for bee and man, and a fertilizer 

 for the crops of the coming year. 



If the vegetable matter above specified was put into one vast 

 heap for decomposition, and covered with the sediment of ponds 

 and basins, that the ammonia might not escape, it would make 

 a supply for vegetation, the value of which could hardly be 

 overestimated. And we need it all, and more than all, for the 

 purpose of increasing the productive capabilities of the county. 

 And we need more tillers of the soil — more of hard working, 

 industrious yeomen, who will bend all their energies to the 

 work of the farm. The consumers are too numerous for the 

 producers. Many of our farmers' sons are leaving the old 

 homesteads, to become manufacturers or speculators, or any 

 thing else that does not require hard work. Sturdy young men 

 in our cities are already out of employment, and marching 

 round with cigar in mouth, carrying banners, on which is 

 inscribed, " bread or work." Let them come into the country — 

 even here in New England, with her sterile soil — there is work 

 enough here on our farms, if they will only do it. Let the 

 sons of our farmers understand that they are to become free- 

 holders, and let them be educated as such. Let them understand 

 that the fluctuations of trade affect the farmer but slightly, if 

 at all — that all that is raised will be wanted for consumption — 

 and let them apply themselves diligently to their calling, and 

 there is no reason why they should not be the happiest and most 

 enviable class in the community. 



M. G. J. Emery, Chairman. 



WORCESTER WEST. 



Statement of Benj. F. Hamilton. 



My manner of making compost manure is as follows : My 

 cellar is one hundred feet long, forty feet wide, and about eight 

 feet and a half deep. I commence by laying loam to the depth 

 of about two feet on the bottom of the cellar directly under the 

 stable where the cattle and horses stand. When a sufhcient 



