CIRCUMSTANCES ALTER CASES. 119 



specimens from under his trees, and found the maggot in the 

 fruit — showing that they are there also. In the place where I 

 reside, West Cornwall, Litchfield County, I have found a very 

 few apples affected, and Dr. Reed tells me that from Canaan, 

 another town in Litchfield County, he has had fruit sent to him 

 that was affected in this way ; so that the ravages of this worm 

 would seem to be quite wide-spread. Mr. Foote was right in 

 his remark, that it infects mostly sweet apples, yet it sometimes 

 infects sour apples, in a milder form. My attention was also 

 called to it in the vicinity of Providence, R. I., as having de- 

 stroyed some varieties of sweet apples. I have nothing to sug- 

 gest in regard to its prevention or cure. 



Mr. Goodman. This [the Beurr6 Clairgeau] is one of the 

 favorite pears in Pittsfield, owing to its fine flavor as well as its 

 color; and down in Lenox, most of the pears that we consider 

 hardy and well growing will do remarkably well on our lime- 

 stone soil. My own nursery of dwarf pears has been a great 

 success. The only great loss has been owing to pear blight. I 

 find no difficulty in raising as fine pears as I have seen any- 

 where else. 



Mr. Foote. • I might have made the same remark in regard 

 to another quite celebrated pear — the Duchesse d' Angouleme. 

 1 have had that in cultivation for twenty years, and it has not 

 been worth as many cents. Mr. Downing of Newberg, has 

 informed me that it is of very poor quality over clay. 



Mr. Goodman. "With me, that is one of the finest eating 

 pears I have. 



Question. What kind of manure do you use ? 



Mr. Goodman. I have used ashes and the animal manures. 



Dr. LoRiNG. I want to say a word at this stage of the dis- 

 cussion, partly in self-defence, and partly for the sake of my 

 own edification and education. I have claimed for a long time, 

 and I have been confirmed in my theory this afternoon by what 

 has been said by the two experienced gentlemen who have ad- 

 dressed us, that the matter of fruit growing is a matter of hor- 

 ticulture. That means, Mr. Chairman, careful cultivation ; the 

 skill of the gardener, exercised upon something that will not 

 grow by the rough-handed skill of the farmer. I am satisfied 

 that the wholesale and general growing of apples that was in 

 vogue in this country, and successfully in vogue twenty-five or 



