216 



MASSACHUSETTS AGRICULTURE. 



Number of trips per day of ten hours, with one man at 



two cars, and two to load, ...... 150 



Contents of car, in cubic feet, ..... 11.34 



Number of cubic yards which can be transported at the 

 cost of one laborer's day's wages, .... 60 



One-Horse Carts. 

 The table for this kind of transport may be stated about as 

 follows. 1 foot vertical costs as much as 14 horizontal. 



Distance or Teamspokt, in Feet. 



6 2 - -fe 



•?S 5 5 5. 





■2 c oV, 



a a a a 



ie -, S " 



3 '^ " S 



%- « 05 2 



o o •§ 



S; ^ ■a - oi 



S » S OS g, 



Sf »<- S 



a ? a o ? 



300, 



500, 

 1,000, 

 1,500, 

 2,000, 

 2,500, 

 3,000, 



67 

 43 

 31 

 25 

 21 

 18 



17.1 

 13.6 

 8.6 

 6.4 

 5.0 

 4.3 

 3.6 



Ox-cart transport is 10 or 12 per cent, cheaper than the above, 

 but takes more time. 



Other methods of transport, such as horses or engines on tem- 

 porary tracks, would hardly ever be applied to road-building, 

 but belong more properly under the head of railroad construc- 

 tion. 



Shrinkage. 

 In calculating the cost of earthworks, the so-called shrinkage 

 of earth must not be overlooked. Earth occupies on the average 

 ^^ less space in embankment than it did in its natural state, 100 

 cubic yards, shrinking into 90. Rock on the contrary, occupies 

 more space when broken, its bulk increasing by about one-half. 



