144 HEREDITY AND SOCIETY 



Service Commissioners. But neither of these methods 

 of selection gives us any assurance that we have secured 

 the services of a competent legislator or an administrator. 

 A man serves his country either from a sense of duty 

 or for the prospect of material gain and personal 

 advantage ; and we are now at the beginning of the 

 evolution of two other species of governing classes, so 

 that only time, a long time, will show what this new 

 segregation of qualities portends. The arts of the 

 demagogue, who possesses the power of influencing the 

 masses, are also highly specialized qualities, and will 

 be inherited directly from father to son. In America, 

 where there are no classes, no differences of rank and 

 all men are born equal hypothetically at least, the 

 " boss " is already a well-recognized variety, with special 

 characteristics of his own. These characteristics are said 

 to consist of enormous powers of physical endurance, 

 vast supplies of nervous energy, great organizing 

 capacity and a> phenomenal "jaw" development. The 

 power of passing examinations, which has been humor- 

 ously described as a low form of cunning, has also been 

 shown to descend from father to son. We have there- 

 fore some indications of the qualities which will adorn 

 our new governing classes. The one will fill our 

 elective bodies and our public services, in virtue of their 

 power of controlling or of ingratiating themselves with 

 the electors ; and the other, the real masters, will form 

 a bureaucratic class, with special capacities, first of all, 

 for outwitting examiners, and afterwards for rigid 

 adhesion to official precedent, and power of managing 

 the first-named class, to whom they are nominally 

 subordinate. On considering this prospect, it is cold 



