28 DAVID I. MACHT AND SHACHNE ISAACS 



being very marked in one case, but of a lesser degree :'n the other. 

 In the third case the narcosis was, i anything, less than that 

 produced by morphin alone. 



Seven experiments were made with a combination of all the 

 opium alkaloids in the form of pantopon, a mixture of hydro- 

 chlorides containing 50 per cent of morphin. In four of the ex- 

 periments there was a very marked increase in narcosis and pro- 

 longation of the reaction time produced by pantopon as compared 

 with that produced by the same amount of morphin when given 

 alone. The greater narcosis in these cases was also shown by the 

 greater number of errors in the association problems. In two 

 other cases the greater narcosis was also present but not in so 

 marked degree as in the preceding two, and in one experiment the 

 result was doubtful. 



On analyzing all the experiments with pantopon and narco- 

 phin, we may summarize by saying that out of ten experiments 

 five showed a marked increase in narcosis and prolongation of the 

 reaction time; three experiments showed also a definite but not 

 so marked a prolongation of the reaction time as compared with 

 morphin alone; one subject gave doubtful results although his 

 accuracy was markedly affected in regard to association prob- 

 lems; and in one case the reaction time was quickened* by 

 the combination more than it was by morphin alone. It was 

 also noted that in all experiments both with morphin alone and 

 with its combinations, the simple reactions were less affected by 

 the drugs than the association tests, thus showing that the 

 narcotics exerted their influence especially upon the higher 

 functions of the brain. 



Tables 5 and 6 present a summary of most of the experiments 

 performed in the present investigation. In these tables the figures 

 for reaction time are expressed in terms of per cent as compared 

 with the normal readings in each experiment. Only, the primary 

 and the maximum effects of each drug are shown in order to enable 

 us to better analyze the effects of the drugs. The tables also 

 indicate the time after the injection at which the readings were 

 made, and in table 6 the run of errors is indicated by arrows. 



