38 ROBERT OGDEN AND SHEPHERD IVORY FRANZ 



are used for pulling and the left is apparently used only for support. 

 When food is given, even though the food be close to the left hand, the 

 animal always reaches for the food with the right. Unlike a normal 

 monkey which grasps and holds food with both hands and feet, this 

 animal uses only the right hand and the right foot. When compelled 

 to stand the animal holds the left arm limp at its side, the right grasps 

 the strap to support itself. When standing the toes of the left foot 

 are spread, the great toe is at times doubled under the foot, and the leg 

 is used uncertainly. When excited, as by some special stimulation or 

 when a stick is pointed at him, the monkey will jump away and in the 

 excited condition the left arm and leg appear to be used to much better 

 advantage than in the unexcited condition. This may be due to the 

 predominance of reflex activity at these times. If swung from his 

 strap above the floor he also attempts to grasp the strap with his left 

 hand, but only a slight amount of force is necessary to disengage that 

 hand, although the right hand holds very firmly and cannot be easily 

 removed from the strap. 



Summary. This experiment with a hemiplegic animal without 

 special management and treatment shows that the animal may remain 

 for a period of six months or more without very much improvement in 

 voluntary control. This is in direct opposition to the results obtained 

 with the right side of the same animal which, under treatment, recovered 

 in three weeks. 



Experiment 3 



Monkey 2. The left motor cortex was destroyed June 2, 1916, the 

 operation being similar to those of the first two experiments. The 

 animal then exhibited an upper neuron paralysis, involving the face 

 and the upper and lower extremities. The right arm was at first 

 completely useless, the right leg was limp. In coming out from the 

 effects of the anesthetic the animal immediately used the left arm. 



Management and results. The unparalyzed side of the animal was 

 not restrained, and in this respect the experiment was the same as 

 in experiment 2. The animal did, however, receive " general" massage 

 of the affected limbs, the parts being rubbed daily and the muscles being 

 carefully kneeded. No special effort was made to get the animal to 

 use the paralyzed segments, and the stimulation exercises like those in 

 experiment 1 with monkey 1 were not carried out. The treatment 

 (general, instead of special types of, exercises and massage) was carried 

 out regularly for twenty-six days, and at the end of that time the 



