Agricultural Research in N. H. 39 



some harmful effects on clovers, and Ammonium sulfamate is definitely 

 destructive to them and has some retarding effect on grasses as well. In 

 fields having light to medium infestation, spot-spraying with a small tank 

 sprayer,, using either Ammate or 2,4-D, was found to be entirely satisfactory. 



In middle and late summer, Canada thistle was killed to the ground 

 readily by Ammonium sulfamate at three ounces per gallon of water. The 

 2,4-D compounds also showed some promise. Again, the most successful 

 kills were made at the time of flowering. Two species of Devil's paintbrush, 

 or yellow hawkweed, have been successfully treated with herbicides. The 

 species are the low-growing and alm.ost mat-like spreading Mouse-ear Hawk- 

 weed found mostly in pastures and lawns and the taller-growing and less 

 spreading so-called Yellow Devil which abounds in fields as well as pas- 

 tures. Both species are susceptible to Ammonium sulfamate and 2,4-D con- 

 taining compounds. Very excellent control was achieved by late spring and 

 early summer applications of Ammonium sulfamate at three ounces per gal- 

 lon of water and 2,4-D at the usual recommended strength (1000 parts per 

 million in water solution). The ester of 2,4-D proved somewhat more ef- 

 fective than the ammonium salt. 



Attention also was directed to Junipers. Preliminary work indicated 

 that Borax may be effective but slow in action and that Ammonium sulfamate 

 is very satisfactory at certain seasons. 



A. R. HODGDON 



Pasture Management 



Results of pasture and crop improvement on organization and opera- 

 tion of farms are shown by the data from two farms of the 20 studied. In 

 1937, both farms were operated by older men who were nearly ready to re- 

 tire. Upon the advice of a son of the owner, one farm was reorganized. The 

 improvement and enlargement of pasture and cropland were necessary com- 

 plements to a larger herd of cows. This made it necessary to remodel the 

 old barn in order to provide more room for stock and for hay storage. 



The second farm was purchased by a younger man and combined with 

 his own smaller one, where he had started a large amount of pasture-manage- 

 ment work. This is now used for pasturing young stock. The pasture on 

 the home place has been enlarged and improved to care for a larger herd. 

 These improvements also necessitated remodeling the barn. 



Production of both milk and roughage has increased on these two 

 farms by about half, with no increase in labor hired. Both have adopted 

 rapid milking. 



One farm has increased the number of milkers from 19 to 32. the second 

 from 26 to 36. Total milk production has increased from 116,698 pounds 

 to 215,008 pounds on the first farm, and from 148,460 pounds to 217,160 

 pounds on the second farm. Grain consumption has increased with the 

 larger herd and with higher production but has decreased per hundred 

 pounds of milk produced. For the two farms, grain per hundred pounds of 

 milk produced has been reduced from 25.6 pounds to 23.8 pounds and from 

 25.0 to 21.8 pounds. 



