APPENDIX. 



Inside Borders — Shallow Plantin 



The views presented in tliis work, in respect to the 

 construction of vine borders and shallow planting, may 

 seem to demand some defence and explanation beyond 

 what is contained in the body of the essay. We con- 

 sider the positions assumed, and the practice advised, 

 highly important to fruit growers, and we can show that 

 although seemingly new, and esteemed by many good 

 cultivators of questionable merit, they are really endorsed 

 by several of the leading horticultural writers in the 

 United States. 



The practice of deep planting and heavy manuring, 

 for fruit trees and grape vines, was first brought into 

 active use, in this country, by A. J. Downing, who, 

 with all his great merits as a writer on horticultural 

 topics, has been the means of destroying many thou- 

 sands of trees and vines by his directions for planting. 

 When we use the expression '( deep planting," we do 

 not always mean setting the tree too deep at first, but 

 we mean so digging and manuring the soil under the 

 tree as to invite its roots immediately and deeply down 



(93) 



