108 BRIGHT ON GRAPE CULTURE. 



method here describedj it is necessary to pay particular 

 attention to the fact that the roots must be spread out 

 horizontally, at right angles to the tree, no matter how- 

 tough thev may be, or how difficult it may seem to do 

 this. If the tree be set with the roots extending per- 

 pendicularly downward, as they usually come from the 

 nurpery, it will be impossible to plant in shallow holes, 

 as the tree would project too far out of the ground. 

 The tree must not be set in the soil like a broom, but 

 rather with its roots spread out precisely like a chicken's 

 foot, with the toes extended at right angles from the 

 leg. In this position it must be held firmly down till 

 covered heavily with soil, when it will remain in 

 place. The roots will then have the right direction for 

 extending into the adjacent top soil. 



For all kinds of trees we like to have the soil tho- 

 roughly and deeply ploughed and subsoiled 3 but the 

 method of planting here recommended, renders deep 

 trenching, and heavy manuring, and underdraining, in 

 a majority of instances, quite unnecessary. Indeed, if 

 we were to plant a fruit garden and lawn for ourselves, 

 to-day, we would rather have all the trees set only two 

 to four inches deep, in the decently good loam of a 

 tolerably porous soil, (say a fair corn-field,) which had 

 been subsoiled fifteen inches deep, without a particle of 

 manure, than to have a field trenched three feet deep, 

 and manured at the rate of two hundred horse-loads of 

 manure to the acre, if the trees were to be set in the 

 usual way, in deep holes dug for the purpose, so as to 



