ON THE TRAINING OF VINES. 87 



being so, it be shaded from the sun's rays, during the 

 first protrusion and early formation of them, then, in 

 the following, shoots only will be produced, but no 

 fruit. But, on the contrary, if the shoot, being of a 

 proper fruit-bearing size, be constantly trained on the 

 surface of a wall, having any of the aspects before 

 mentioned, and a clear space of five inches be left on 

 each side of it, by which no adjacent foliage will 

 shade it; then, under these circumstances, every bud 

 (except the first two) produced previously to the 

 month already named, will be a fruit-bud, and v.nU 

 show accordingly, when it unfolds in the following 

 year, one or more bunches of grapes. 



The cause of the production of fruit-buds, in the 

 latter instance, and of their non-production in the for- 

 mer, may be thus further explained. As the shoot is 

 progressively developed, if it be shaded by any adja- 

 cent foliage, the sap of the shaded part remains in its 

 original thin and watery state, being excluded from 

 the sun's rays, which are necessary to warm and elab- 

 orate it, and thereby prepare it for the development 

 of bunches of fruit in embryo. The sap being thus 

 thin and watery, for want of due exposure to the sun, 

 pushes on with amazing quickness, the shoot elon- 

 gating itself on the surface of the wall, much more 

 rapidly than it otherwise would do, thereby forming 

 long-jointed wood, not one bud of which will be suf- 

 ficiently matured to produce fruit ; the principle of 

 growth having been in full operation, but that of ina- 

 turation having remained dormant. But if the shoot 

 be trained on the wall, and exposed to the full power 

 of the solar rays, in the manner already mentioned, 

 the sap, by being warmed, becomes thickened, or, as 

 it is termed, inspissated, in which state it accumulates 

 at the joints of the shoot, and expends itself in the 

 formation of fruit-buds. In this case the principle of 

 growth and of maturation^ will have been in active 

 cooperation. 



I have had good grapes produced from buds, form- 

 ed as late as the beginning of September in a fa- 



