CONTENTS 



PACK 



GENERAL INTRODUCTION . xi 



PART I. PLANT BIOLOGY 



CHAPTER 



I. No Two PLANTS OR PARTS ARE ALIKE .... 



II. THE STRUGGLE TO LIVE 4 



III. SURVIVAL OF THE FIT 7 



IV. PLANT SOCIETIES 9 



V. THE PLANT BODY 15 



VI. SEEDS AND GERMINATION 20 



VII. THE ROOT THE FORMS OF ROOTS .... 32 



VIII. THE ROOT FUNCTION AND STRUCTURE ... 38 



IX. THE STEM KINDS AND FORMS PRUNING . . 49 



X. THE STEM ITS GENERAL STRUCTURE ... 59 



XI. LEAVES FORM AND POSITION 73 



XII. LEAVES STRUCTURE AND ANATOMY ... 86 



XIII. LEAVES FUNCTION OR WORK 92 



XIV. DEPENDENT PLANTS 106 



XV. WINTER AND DORMANT BUDS in 



XVI. BUD PROPAGATION 121 



XVII. How PLANTS CLIMB 129 



XVIII. THE FLOWER ITS PARTS AND FORMS . . -133 



XIX. THE FLOWER FERTILIZATION AND POLLINATION . 144 



XX. FLOWER-CLUSTERS 155 



XXI. FRUITS 163 



XXII. DISPERSAL OF SEEDS 172 



XXIII. PHENOGAMS AND CRYPTOGAMS . . . . .176 



XXIV. STUDIES IN CRYPTOGAMS 182 



ix 



