114 



PLANT BIOLOGY 



on the other. Cut a cabbage head in two, lengthwise, 

 and see what it is like. 



The buds that appear on roots are unusual or abnormal, 

 they occur only occasionally and in no definite order. 

 Buds appearing in unusual places on any part of the plant 

 are called adventitious buds. Such usually are the buds 

 that arise when a large limb is cut off, and 

 from which suckers 

 or water sprouts 

 arise. 



How Buds Open. 

 When the bud 

 swells, the scales 

 are pushed apart, 

 the little axis elon- 

 gates and pushes 

 out. In most plants 

 the outside scales 



fall very soon, leaving a little ring of scars. 

 With terminal buds, this ring marks the end 

 of the year's growth: how? 

 Notice peach, apple, plum, 

 willow, and other plants. In 

 some others, all the scales grow for a time, 

 as in the pear (Figs. 142, 143, 144). In 

 other plants the inner bud scales become 

 green and almost leaf-like. See the maple 

 and hickory. 



Sometimes Flowers come out of the 

 Buds. Leaves may or may not accompany 

 the flowers. We saw the embryo flowers in 

 Fig. 1 38. The bud is shown again in Fig. 

 142. In Fig. 143 it is opening. In Fig. 145 



FIG. 142. 

 FRUIT-BUD 

 OF PEAR. 



FIG. 143. THE 

 OPENING OF 

 THE PEAR 

 FRUIT-BUD. 



FIG. 145. OPEN- 

 ING OF THE 

 PEAR-BUD. 



