INSECTS 65 



surface of each membrane. State any advantage or dis- 

 advantage in having the ears located where they are. 



Ovipositor. If the specimen is a female, it has an egg- 

 placer or ovipositor, consisting of four blunt projections at 

 the end of the abdomen (Fig. 107). If it is a male, 

 there are two appendages above the end of the abdomen, 

 and smaller than the parts of the ovipositor. Females 

 are larger and more abundant than males. In laying 

 the eggs, the four blunt points are brought tightly to- 

 gether and then forced into the 

 ground and opened (Fig. 108). By 

 repeating this, a pit is made almost 

 as deep as the abdomen is long. 

 The eggs are laid in the bottom of 

 the pit. 



Draw a side view of the grass- 

 hopper. 



Thorax. This, the middle por- FIG. 108. GRASSHOPPER 

 tion of the body, consists of three LAYING EGGS " (Riley 

 segments or rings (Fig. 107). .Is the division between the 

 rings most apparent above or below ? Which two of the 

 three rings are more closely united ? 



The front ring of the thorax is called prothorax. Is it 

 larger above or below ? Does it look more like a collar 

 or a cape ? (Fig. 106.) A spiracle is found on the second 

 ring (inesothorax, or middle thorax) just above the second 

 pair of legs. There is another in the soft skin between 

 the prothorax and mesothorax just under the large cape or 

 collar. The last ring of the thorax is called the metatJwrax 

 (rear thorax). 



How many legs are attached to each ring of the tho- 

 rax ? Can a grasshopper walk ? Run ? Climb ? Jump ? 

 Fly ? Do any of the legs set forward ? (See Fig. 106.) 



