312 A PPARA TUS FOR FISHING. 



leaden sinker or plummet of varying weight according to 

 the kind of fishing to be done. On some parts of the 

 Scotch coast this line is called a "dandy-line" or "jigger," 

 and has a weight of four pounds at the end, whilst above 

 it, at intervals of eight inches, pieces of whalebone or wire 

 nine inches long are fastened across the line, having at each 

 end a short bit of fine line supporting a bright tinned hook. 

 Eight or ten of these spreaders are thus fastened at the 

 middle to the line, and the whole apparatus is lowered to 

 the bottom and then gently moved up and down. In this 

 case no bait is used, the bright hook proving a sufficient 

 attraction to the herrings for the capture of which it is 

 employed. It is, however, not in very general use for this 

 purpose. When used for fishing in fresh water the pater- 

 noster is made of a few feet of gut-line with a small lead at 

 the end, and short pieces of gut fastened at intervals to the 

 line in such a manner as to stand out clear of it. The 

 hooks are at the end of these short pieces, and in perch- 

 fishing, for which it is chiefly used, live minnows are 

 employed as bait. The apparatus is worked with a short 

 rod, and in much the same manner as its coarser repre- 

 sentative, the dandy-line. Cross-lining is a mode of fishing 

 carried on in rivers by means of a line fitted with a number 

 of hooks on short pieces of gut fastened at intervals along 

 it, the bait used being the artificial fly of some kind. It is 

 on the same principle as the long-line used in salt water ; 

 but in this case the line is extended and worked by two 

 rods from boats on opposite sides of the river, and of 

 course at or near the surface. The same kind of fishing is 

 managed by a person on one bank of the river by means 

 of an otter-board at the other end of the line, and which, 

 by its peculiar action, as described in our account of the 

 otter-trawl, keeps the line extended as the fisherman 



