45 



would entail less than a thousand a year after making a full 

 allowance for all expenses. But stocking with fry or with 

 smolts is but a small portion of the great question ; parts of 

 some of our Salmon rivers are too fouled by pollution 

 to rear fry after they are liberated ; it is only by adapt- 

 ing the means to the end that Salmon culture can reach 

 the highest degree of success. In many parts of the country 

 where the pollution is only moderate, we can meet it by taking 

 advantage of the pure water above or by turning smolts in 

 directly above the tidal waters, but I am certain the surest 

 remedy for pollution is to make pure water pay. It is easier 

 to shake an industry to its foundation than to put some- 

 thing better in its place, and if, through fish culture, pure 

 streams and more plentiful food would displace the black 

 sewers of our midlands without the intervention of harassing 

 legislation, fish culturists will not have laboured in vain. 



The next important point in Salmon culture is a con- 

 sideration of the mode of stocking. The watershed must 

 first be carefully surveyed, and the quantity of natural 

 feeding for young fry, yearlings, and smolts estimated. 

 Where clear spring water can be obtained close to gravelly 

 shallows suitable for alevins, the most economical and 

 efficacious manner of stocking is to cut narrow ditches just 

 above flood water mark, fill in with gravel, and sew down 

 eyed ova a few days from hatching, cover over with 

 branches, and leave alone. 



Where no springs exist young fry a few weeks after 

 commencing to feed should be turned into the gravelly 

 ripples, but where the stream is too sluggish or too large to 

 be safe for fry, yearling fish can be turned in in spring as 

 soon as the kelts are out of the water, but smolts should 

 only be used immediately above the tidal water. 



The temperature, hardness of water, earthy particles in 



