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and openings of the car. The ice, to effect this cooling, 

 must be debited with not only its prime cost and cost of 

 handling, but also with its transportation, which, if from the 

 north of Scotland, would be, say, 4. per ton for quick 

 trains, and 2 los. if by goods trains. 



This illustration is on the assumption that it is possible 

 to do this cooling in the car in the time necessary to save 

 the fish ; but this is scarcely possible, and there would be no 

 certainty of getting the fish to market in a sound condition, 

 and in every case the cost would be excessive if not pro- 

 hibitory. It has been shown that the space inside the 

 car must necessarily be reduced 35 per cent., and to carry 

 sufficient ice to cool the fish, in addition to that required 

 to maintain the temperature against losses, would still 

 further reduce the space, and add not less than 15 per 

 cent, to the weight of the load that has to be paid for, 

 to the exclusion of an equal weight of fish. 



With a car properly insulated, and with suitable appliances 

 for containing the ice and collecting the deposited moisture, a 

 low temperature may be maintained against the continuous 

 losses ; more than this is impracticable, and if attempted 

 will inevitably result in loss and disappointment. 



In brief review, it has been shown that the disorganis- 

 ing forces that cause all putrefaction, are minute living 

 organisms invisible to the naked eye. That these or- 

 ganisms multiply with extraordinary rapidity in favourable 

 conditions of heat and moisture, that their development is 

 materially retarded in temperatures between 32 and 40, 

 and is entirely suspended in any temperature below the 

 point of congelation. 



In the destructive attacks of these organisms against 

 dead tissues, sooner or later the living forces will prevail. 

 Preservation, therefore, resolves itself into the question, 



Q 2 



