66 THE COMMERCIAL SEA FISHES OF 



abounds throughout the Mediterranean. It is rare in 

 Ireland. 



It has been taken up to 20 inches in length. 



II. SEA-BREAMS (Genus, Pagellus). 



Geographical distribution. From the seas of Scandinavia 

 along the shores of Britain, to the Canaries and Cape of 

 Good Hope ; also throughout the Mediterranean and Black 

 Sea. 



These fishes are commonly known as " sea-breams." Off 

 Cornwall they have been observed to come in shoals at 

 night-time to feed upon the pilchards entangled in the fisher- 

 men's nets, and which they are accused of rapidly clearing : 

 this appears to be more especially the case during moon- 

 light nights, at other times they seem to be ground-feeders. 

 In Cornwall when two-thirds grown they are known as 

 grobman, if younger as chads. 



i. Common Sea-bream (Pagellus centrodontus). 



Names. Sharp-toothed sea-bream ; red gilt-head; chad 

 along the south-west coast if young ; Boger, Cornwall, if 

 half-grown, and grobman if two-thirds. In Ireland as mur- 

 ranroe and barwin (co. of Antrim) ; gunner on the north- 

 west coast ; carf, carp, and sea-bream on the north-east, 

 and 'brazier on the north. 



B. vi., D. if,^V. 1, A. &, L. 1. 75, L. tr. -ft, Caec. pyl. 4, 

 Vert. -J4. 



Length of head, 3-f- to 4 ; height of body, 3^- to 34. in 

 the total, length. Eye. 34. to 31 diameters in the length 

 of the head, I diameter from the end of the snout, and also 

 apart. Preorbital widest anteriorly, its greatest depth 

 being scarcely equal to half its length. The maxilla 



