THE MARKETING OF FARM PRODUCTS 861 



grocer's price from Bretel Freres, and pay the rebates out of this. 

 This same commission probably holds throughout. 



The kind of butter most seen in London was the French 

 butter packed in 24-pound boxes, known as French rolls. This 

 butter, during the middle of August, 191 3, cost the grocer 

 13s., 12 s., 11 s., and 10 s. 6 d., a dozen pounds for the four differ- 

 ent qualities. The grocers generally sell at an advance of 3 s. a 

 dozen pounds. 



The following is a vertical section of the hands through which 

 the butter generally passes with the cost which each adds, taken 

 August 16, 191 3, for the second highest quality butter. 



Most of the increments in this table are fixed. The profits of 

 the packer, however, vary from summer to winter. In winter 

 the price to the farmer goes up more than the price in England, 

 for the Normandy butter has a good sale in Paris in winter. 

 The packers could make more in winter by selling more of their 

 butter in Paris, but they would lose English customers and so 

 spoil their summer's trade. 



We did not count the octroi in this table as it does not always 

 come into the expense. When it does so it merely reduces the 

 price to the farmer by about 5 centimes a kilo (.43 cents a 

 pound). 



Creamery Butter 



The creameries visited in Normandy were the Laiterie coope- 

 rative des fermiers dPsigny, the Laiterie de Cartigny, the Lai- 

 terie cooperative de Chef-du-Pont, the Laiterie de Parfours, and 

 the Laiterie de Sottevast. 



