INTRODUCTION XV 



lies follows that of Engler and Prantl. The 

 nomenclature and arrangement of species is 

 essentially that of Britton and Brown. The 

 additional name is the term used in Gray's 

 sixth edition. In the classification of the 

 Blackberries I have followed the general plan 

 of L. H. Bailey, who has made a recent and 

 careful study of them. 



I am indebted to many a w^ork of reference 

 for aid : Gray's " Manual," Britton and Brown's 

 ''Illustrated Flora of the United States and 

 Canada," Emerson's " Report of the Trees and 

 Shrubs of Massachusetts," Card's "Bush Fruits," 

 Bailey's " Evolution of our Native Fruits," Ker- 

 ner and Oliver's "The Natural History of Plants," 

 and others. 



To the friends who have kindly furnished 

 specimens I would extend my sincere gratitude. 

 There have been many who, by the expression 

 of a need for help such as the present book 

 hopes to give, or by suggestion and encourage- 

 ment, have strengthened my purpose to carry 

 on the work to its fulfillment. I hold them all 

 in grateful remembrance. 



