Insect Galls. 29 



Biorhizaforticornis Baeaett, A r. oat., 1882, v. 16, i>. 246. 



Ashmead, Trans. Amer. ent. soc, 1885, v. 12, p. 296. 



Gillette, Psj che, 1889*, v. 5, p. L86. 



Packard, 5th rept. U. S. ent. comm., 1890, p. 106. 



Beutenmiiller, Bull. Amer. mus. nat. hist., 1892, v. 4, p. 259, pi. 13, fi«. 3. 



Cook, Ohio nat., 1904, v. 4, p. 142, fig. 126. 



Jan is. :{stli ann. re pi. Ent. soe. Ontario, 1907, p. 90, fig. 

 Xanthoteras forticomis Ashmead, Psyche, 1903, \. 10, p. 149. 



Many of these galls are pressed together so closely on the twig as to 

 lose all normal form, becoming flattened. Thin-walled, one-celled, the 

 larval cell held in place by radiating fibers. Yellow, sometimes with red 

 sides, turning brown. Common on white oak, Quercus alba. Insects 

 emerged from July 1 to 13. 



Holcaspis globulus Fitch. Bullet gall. 



Cailaspidia globulus Fitch, 5th rept. ins. N. V., for 1858, 1859, p. 811. 



Packard, 5th rept. U. S. ent. comm., 1890, p. lot;, 111. 

 Cynips quercus-globulus Osten Sacken, Proc. Ent. soc. Phil., 1861, v. 1, p. 67. 



Bassett, Proc. Ent. soc. Phil., 1863, v. 2, p. 328. 

 Cynips <//<>hitliix Osten Sacken, Proc. Ent soc. Phil., 1865, v. 4, p. :».», 350. 

 Holcaspis globulus Bassett, Amer. nat., IS82, v. 16, p. 246. 

 Gillette. Psyche, 1889, v. 5, p. 187. 



Beutenmiiller, Bull. Amer. mus. nat. hist , 1K)2, v. 4, p. 260, pi. 12, fijj. 4. 

 Ashmead, I'syche, 1903, v. 10, p. 153. 



Cook, Ohio nat., 1903, v. 3, p. 419, fig. 34; L904, v. 4, p. 127, fig. 109; p. 148, fig. 



12s; 29th ann. rept. Dept. geol. and nat. res. Indiana f. 1904, 1905, p. 



835, fig. 27. 



Cynips oneratus Harris (now known as Synergus oneratus) is :i guest-fly of Holcaspis globulus, 



and Harris described the gall under the name of the guesl H.\ 



1,'cpt. ins. Mass. inj. veg., 1841, p. 398; Treat, ins. N. E. inj. veg., 1842, 



p. 39S; same, 1852, p. 434; Treat, ins. in}, veg. (Flint ed.), 1862, p. 548. 



Spherical, smooth, corky, monothalamous galls on twigs. Two or 

 three in a cluster, 10-15 mm. in diameter. Yellow with red tints, turning 

 brown when mature. Larval cell oval with thin shell. Common on white 

 oak, Quercus alba. Insects emerge in November. 



Neuroterus batatas Fitch. Oak potato-gall. 



Cynips quercus-batatus Fitch, 5th rept. ins. N. Y. for 1858, 1859, p. 810. 



Osten Sacken, Proc. Ent. soc. I'liil., Is6l, v. 1, p. 71; 1864, v. 4, p. 840, 353. 

 Bassett, Proc. Ent. soc. I'hil., 1864, v. 3, p. 684. 

 \< uroterus batatus Bassett, Amer. nat., 1882, v. 16, p. 246. 



Ashmead, Trans. Amer. ent. soc, 1885, v. 12, p. 296. 

 I'aekard, 5th rept. U. S. ent. comm., 1890, p. 11, 107, 111, 113. 

 Beutenmiiller, Bull. Amer. mus. nat. hist., 1892, v. 4, p. 262, pi. 13, fig. 1. 



Irregular, "potato-shape," hard, woody, polythalamous gall, some- 

 times 6 or 7 cm. long by 2-3 cm. thick. Reddish brown with pale blue 

 bloom. Common on twigs of white oak, Quercus alba. Insects emerge 

 in May or June. 



Neuroterus exiguissimus Bassett. Fig. 51. 



Neuroterus exiguissimus Bassett, Trails, Amer. Ent. soc., 1900, v. 26, p. 332-333. 



A hairy gall on under side of leaf along the veins with a slight eleva- 

 tion above. Monothalamous. Leaves usually deformed. About 2 mm. 

 Much like the gall of Neuroterus floccosus on Quercus platanoides. On 

 white oak, Quercus alba. August. 



