CONTENTS. Vii 



Sect. II. Plants of the Higher Grade ; their Devklop- 



MENT FROM THE SEED ..... C9 



Flowering or Phaenogamous Plants G9 



Organs of Vegetation and of Reproduction ... 70 



The Seed 70 



The Development of the Embryo in Germination . . 71 



Number of Cotyledons ....... 78 



CHAPTER III. — OF THE ROOT, OR DESCENDING AXIS 79 



Absorption by Roots ; their Growth 80 



Primary and Secondary Roots 83 



Annuals, Biennials 83 



Perennials ......... 84 



Aerial Roots 85 



Epiphytes, or Air-Plants 87 



Parasites 88 



CHAPTER IV. — OF THE STEM, OR ASCENDING AXIS 91 



Sect. I. Its General Characteristics and Mode of 



Growth 91 



Nodes and Internodes 92 



Buds 93 



Plan of Vegetation 95 



Phytons 96 



Sect. II. Ramification 97 



Branches 97 



Adventitious and Accessory Buds 98 



Excurrent and Deliquescent Stems ..... 99 



Definite and Indefinite Growth . . . . . .100 



Propagation from Buds 100 



Sect. III. The Kinds of Stem and Branches . .101 



Herbs, Shrubs, Trees, &c 101 



Stolons, Suckers, Runners 102 



Offsets, Tendrils . . 103 



Spines or Thorns 104 



Subterranean Modifications 105 



