THE OVULE. 209 



the direction of parts occurs during growth ; but the base or chalaza 

 (Fig. 526, c) is manifestly the point of attachment, the orifice (/) 

 is at the opposite end, and the ovule is straight and symmetrical. 



D 



5G7. The Campylotropous Ovule (Fig. 525, 527) is one which grows 

 unequally, and consequently curves upon itself, so as to bring the 

 apex round to the vicinity of the base, the chalaza (c) and the orifice 

 (f) being at length brought nearly into contact at the point of at- 

 tachment. Campylotropous or curved ovules are found in the Mig- 

 nonette, in all Cruciferous and Caryophyllaceous plants, and in many 

 others. 



5G8. The Annlropons Ovule (Fig. 517, 519, 523, 524, 529) is far 



the most common form. It is best described by likening it to an 

 orthotropous ovule which as it grew had inverted itself on its funicu- 

 lus or support, so that, while the body remains straight, its orifice or 

 apex is brought down to the funiculus and points to the placenta, 

 while the chalaza occupies the apparent or geometrical apex, i. e. the 

 summit or point directly opposite the place of attachment. The 

 ovule, thus inverted on its support, coheres with it for ifs 

 whole length, and accordingly has a ridge or cord, more 

 or less manifest, along one side (Fig. 529, r), connect- 

 ing the hilum, or place of attachment, and where the 

 seed separates from its insertion (k), with the chalaza (c). 

 This cord or ridge, which morphologically is merely a 

 continuation of the stalk or support of the ovule adhe- 

 rent to its face on one side, or incorporated with it, is 

 called the Rhaphe. It is a distinguishing mark of an 

 anatropous ovule, which is also recognizable by its s:o 

 being straight and by having the orifice close to the point of attach- 

 ment. The rhaphe itself is often so incorporated with the coat of 



FIG. 526 Orthotropous ovule of Buckwheat : c, hilum and chalaza ; f % orifice. 

 FIG. 527 Campylotropous ovule of a Chi 'kneed : c, hilum and chalaza ; /, oiifiee x, 



FIG. 528. Amphitropous ovule of Mallow : /, orifice ; h, hilum ; r, rhaphe ; c, chalaza. 

 FIG 529 Anatropous ovule of a Violet ; the parts lettered as in the last 

 FIG. 530. Vertical section of a pistil of Magnolia Umbrella, from a young flower-bud, mag- 

 nified, showing the forming ovule, here a simple protuberance 



