CRYPT0GAM0U3 Oi: FLOWICULKSS PLANTS. 



503 



peristome), which are always some multiple of four: lho:e of (he 

 outer row are called teeth, of the inner, cilia. The spores which fill 

 the cavity commonly appear like an impalpable greenish powder. 

 The pedicel continued through the capsule forms the columella : en- 

 larged under the capsule it sometimes forms an apophysis. The 



1305 1313 1311 



OO 1306 1310 13CS 



cabjptra separating early at its base is carried up on the apex of the 

 capsule ; if it splits on one side, it is hood-shaped or cnculliform, if 

 not, it is mitre-shaped or mitriform. The particular structure of all 

 our genera of Mosses, and of the following order, is illustrated in 

 the plates of the Manual of (lie Botany of the Northern United 

 States ; to which the student is referred for details. 



073. Ol'il. IlepaliCEB {Liverworts). Frondose or Moss-like plants, 

 of a loose cellular texture, usually procumbent and emitting rootlets 

 from beneath ; the calyptra not separating from the base, but usually 

 rupturing at the apex ; the sporangium or capsule not opening by a 



FIG. 1300. Mnium euspidatum. 1301. The calyptra detached from the spore-case 1302. 

 Magnified spore-case, from which the lid or operculum, 1303, has been removed, showing llio 

 peristome. 1334 A portion of the annulus or ling under the lid, more magnified. 1305. A 

 portion of the outer and inner peristome, highly magnified. 1306. The so-called flowers in a 

 your.g state, consisting of the pistillidia 9 , and tho antheridia <^, with some cellular jointed 

 threads intermixed ; the involucral leaves cut away. 1307. One of the antheridia more magni- 

 fied (with fome cccompanyir.g cellular threads), opening at the apex, and discharging the con- 

 tents 1S03 Simple peristome of Splachnum ; tho teeth united in pairs. 1309 Poublc pel in- 

 terne of Ily pnum ; the exterior spreading 1310 Physeomitrium (G\ mnOStomum) p> rifonnc. 

 13J1 Its calyptra, detached from, 1312, tho theca. 1313 The lid removed from the orifice, 

 which U destitute of a peristome. 



