44 THE SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES 



not extended to the question of the feeding of the 

 animals of the farm. Accordingly, experiments with 

 such animals were commenced early in 1847, an d 

 have been continued at intervals up to the present 

 time. 



The following points have been investigated : — 



1. The amount of food, and of its several con- 

 stituents, consumed in relation to a given live-weight 

 of animal, within a given time. 



2. The amount of food, and of its several con- 

 stituents, consumed to produce a given amount of 

 increase in live-weight. 



3. The proportion, and relative development, of 

 the different organs or parts of different animals. 



4. The proximate and ultimate composition of the 

 animals, in different conditions as to age and fatness, 

 and the probable composition of their increase in 

 live- weight during the fattening process. 



5. The composition of the solid and liquid excreta 

 (the manure), in relation to that of the food con- 

 sumed. 



6. The loss or expenditure of constituents by 

 respiration and the cutaneous exhalations — that is, 

 in the mere sustenance of the living meat — and 

 — manure-making machine. 



Several hundred animals — oxen, sheep, and pigs — 

 have been submitted to experiment. 



The amount, and the relative development, of the 

 different organs and parts, were determined in two 

 calves, two heifers, fourteen bullocks, one lamb, 249 

 sheep, and 59 pigs. 



The percentages of water, mineral matter, fat, and 

 nitrogenous substance, were determined in certain 

 separated parts, and in the entire bodies, of ten 

 animals — namely, one calf, two oxen, one lamb, four 



