OFFICIAL STANDARDS OF EXCELLENCE FOR SWINE 159 



DESCRIPTION OF BERKSHIRE — ARRANGED BY THE NATIONAL 

 ASSOCIATION OF EXPERT JUDGES OF SWINE, 1897. 



DISQUALIFICATIONS. 



Form. — Very large and heavy or drooping ears; small, cramped 

 chest, crease back of shoulders and over tne back so as to 

 cause a depression in back easily noticed, deformed or crooked 

 legs, feet broken down, so that the animal walks on pastern 

 joints. 



Size. — Overgrown, gangling, narrow, contracted or not two- 

 thirds large enough for age. 



Condition. — Barrenness, deformed, seriously diseased, total 

 blindness from any cause. 



Score. — Les than sixty points. 



Pedigree. — Not eligible to record. 



DETAILED DESCRIPTION. 



1. — Head and Face. — Head short, broad, coming well forward 

 at poll, face short and fine and well dished, broad between the 

 eyes tapering from eyes to poinl of nose, surface even and regu- 

 lar. 



Objections. — Head long, narrow and coarse, forehead low and 

 narrow, jaws narrow or contracted, lower jaws extending be- 

 yond upper; face long, straight between the eyes; nose coarse, 

 thick or crooked, or ridgy. 



2. — Eyes. — Very clear, rather large, dark, hazel or gray. 



Objections. — Small, dull, bloodshot, deep set or obscure, vision 

 impaired by wrinkles, fat or other cause. 



3.— Ears. — Generally almost erect, but sometimes inclined for- 

 ward with advancing age, medium size, thin and soft. 



Objections. — Large, coarse, thick, round or dVooping, long or 

 large knuck, difference in form, size or position one with the 

 other, animal unable to control iiieir position. 



4. — Neck. — Full, deep, short and slightly arched, broad on top, 

 well connected with shoulder. 



Objections. — Long, flat, lacking in fullness and depth. 



5.- — Jowl. — Full, firm and neat, carrying fullness back to shoul- 

 der and brisket. 



Objections. — Light, flabby, thin, tucked up or wrinkled. 



6. — Shoulder. — Broad, deep and full, not extended above line 

 of back and being as wide on top as back, carrying size down 

 to line of belly and having lateral width. 



Objections. — Lacking in depth or width, thick beyond the line 

 of sides and hams or extending above line of back, heavy shields 

 on hogs under eighteen months of age. 



1.- — Chest. — Large, wide deep and roomy, lull girth, breast 

 bone curving well forward, extending back on level, not tucked 

 up, broad between fore legs. 



Objections. — Flat, narrow at top or bottom, small girth, lack- 

 ing depth or fullness, breast bone crooked or tucked up. 



8. — Back. — Broad and straight, carrying same width from 

 shoulder to ham, surface even and smooth without creases or 

 projections and not too long. 



Objections. — Narrow, swayed or hollow, dropping below a 

 straight line. 



