322 APPENDIX. 



the Jiuro or black bass of Lake Huron, the lueio perca or pike perch, 

 the seranus or groupa, the centropristes or sea bass, the grystes or 

 black bass, the centrarcJius or rock bass two genera generally con- 

 founded the pomotis or sun-fish, and several others so rare in our 

 waters that they are omitted. 



The second family of the spine-rayed order is the triglida, which 

 is similar to the percidm, except that the cheeks are mailed as it were 

 by the suborbitals being greatly extended and articulated with the 

 fore gill-cover. It includes the trigla prionotus and dactylopteriis 

 or gurnard and flying-fish; the cottus, sculpin or bull-head; the 

 hemitripterus, also known as sculpin ; and the gasterosteus or stickle- 

 back ; besides many genera that are rare. 



The third family is the scienidce, which have no teeth in the pala- 

 tines or vomer, but have scales on the base of the vertical fins; 

 otherwise they resemble the perch family. They comprise the 

 leiostomus or Lafayette, the otolithus or weak-fish, the corvina or 

 lake sheepshead and branded drum or red-fish of the South, the 

 umbrina or king-fish, the pogonias or salt-water drum. 



The fourth family is the sparidce, which has no spines or denticu- 

 lations on the gill-covers, and no teeth on the palate, but has large 

 scales. It includes the sargus or salt-water sheepshead and sand- 

 porgee, and the pagrus or common porgee. 



The next family that frequents our waters is the scombridce, which 

 has no spines or denticulations on the gill-covers, and no scales on 

 the vertical fins ; the scales are small. It includes the scomber or 

 mackerel proper, the thynnus or tunny, the pelamys or bonito, the 

 tricMurus or ribbon-fish, the xipJiias or sword-fish, the naucrates 

 or pilot-fish, the caranx or yellow mackerel, the seriole or rudder- 

 fish, the temnodon or blue-fish, the rhombus or harvest-fish. 



The next family is the atherinidce, represented by the silversides 

 or sand-smelts; and the next the mugilidce. It has minute teeth, 

 entire and large scales extending over the head, and comprises the 

 mugil or mullet proper. The next family is the gobidce, which have 

 an elongated body, small scales or none, the spines of the dorsal 

 flexible, and the ventrals, when present, before the pectorals, and it 

 includes the gunnellus or butter-fish, the zoarces or eel-pout ; and the 

 next the lophidce, which usually have no scales, but occasionally 

 spiny plates in lieu of them, and have the carpal bones elongated to 

 support the pectorals. The lophius proper is the sea-devil or fishing- 

 frog, a rapacious creature, well known on our coast by various names, 

 and the fiatrachus, the well-known toad-fish. 



The last of the spine-rayed families is the Idbridce, which have 

 fleshy lips covering the jaws, toothless tongue and palate, three 

 pharyngeals, two above and one beneath, furnished with teeth, sharp 

 or flattened, and an oblong, scaly body. This family comprises the 

 ctenolabrus or bergall, otherwise chogset or cunner, and the tautoga, 

 tautog or black-fish. 



