J/./A'K CAkPEXTEK. 79 



some respects more painfully, as here the soul is 

 enslaved as well as the body, and the whole family is 

 ruined by the vice of one. No one who has not come 

 into immediate contact, as I have, with such cases, 

 can realise the horror of them ; indeed, I am fully 

 persuaded that no legislation can raise the working 

 classes of England as long as this evil exists among 

 them." 



When Mary Carpenter was superintendent of 

 the Sunday school she was very anxious to awaken 

 the curiosity and intelligence of the scholars, and in 

 order to do this she arranged a museum of geological 

 specimens and natural objects, which she presented to 

 the school, and which she was delighted to show to 

 the children when they were willing to look. She 

 still visited the poor in their own homes too, and 

 sympathised with them in their trouble ; and as she 

 gradually came to know them well, she felt more than 

 ever convinced that there was a possibility that very 

 much might be done to raise them. 



The poor and destitute who attended the Sunday 

 schools, however, were what were called " occasional 

 criminals," that is, they now and again transgressed 

 against the law of the land, and were brought up 

 before the magistrates. But below these there was 

 another class, who were called the ' habitual criminals," 

 who were no sooner released from prison for one 

 offence than they committed another, and who had no 

 idea of being industrious and working for their own 



