SCIENCE OF FRUIT-SPRAYING 327 



and pour the water gently down the sides, then stir and 

 use. The face should be protected and the hands well 

 gloved, as the mixture has a corrosive action and would 

 burn exposed skin. 



If the trouble is caused by spring caterpillars, such as 

 those of the winter, codlin, small ermine and lackey 

 moths, the American remedy of Swift's arsenate of lead 

 paste, 2 Ib. to 50 gallons of water, may be resorted to. 

 This is mixed and used soon after the trees start growth 

 in spring, for it is then that the caterpillars begin to 

 feed. 



Although the mixture is safe enough nominally it 

 ought to be said that cases of injury have been known, 

 whether from exceeding the quantity of lead specified, 

 from imperfect mixing, from use on a susceptible variety 

 like Cox's Orange Pippin, or from some obscure influence 

 of climate on the trees. 



Those who are growing on a small scale and have not 

 the necessary appliances for preparing and using lime- 

 and-sulphur and lime-and-salt sprays might resort to 

 the following simple combination spray, which is com- 

 posed of two proprietary preparations sold ready for 

 mixing with water : 



\ Ib. Swift's arsenate paste. 



3 Ib. Woburn Bordeaux paste. 



20 gallons of water. 



This spray could be applied in spring when cater- 

 pillars were beginning to feed. It would operate not 

 only against them, but against fungi. 



In dealing specifically with an attack of black scab on 

 Apples the following remedy may be brought into 

 play: 



i Ib. blue stone (sulphate of copper). 



25 gallons of water. 



