have more than one song and more than one call note, and different 

 birds render them differently. 



The American Ornithologists' Union check list number precedes the 

 scientific name. Use it instead of the index when consulting Chap- 

 man's Manual. When naming a new bird, locate it in its family; 

 then look for conspicuous points, wing bars, etc., and often by de- 

 ciding what it is not, you will follow down to the correct clue. If 

 it is an immature bird or a female, it will be more difficult to 

 identify. 



Conspicuous markings are printed in italics. The measurements 

 given are approximate only. Remember that a song sparrow is 

 six inches long, about the size of an English sparrow, and that a 

 robin is ten inches long. 



