518 TREPONEMATA AND SPIROCHETA 



has successfully inoculated two monkeys (Macacus rhesus and Serco- 

 pithecus callitrichus) with pure cultures of Treponema of human 

 origin, and reproduced in them the initial lesions of the disease. The 

 blood of these monkeys gave a positive Wassermann reaction, thus 

 confirming the relation of the Treponema pallidum to the disease in 

 man. Rabbits have been successfully infected with the virus. Bar- 

 tarelli 1 produced localized eye lesions by introducing virus from man 

 into the anterior chamber of the eye. A small swelling of the cornea 

 took place about ten days after inoculation and there was a con- 

 siderable development of Treponemata. Brucker and Gelasesco 2 

 and Sowade 3 have corroborated these results. Hoffmann has pro- 

 duced a specific orchitis in rabbits. Localized limited growths have 

 been reported in various other experimental animals, guinea-pigs, 

 dogs, sheep and cats. These inoculations have usually been made 

 on the cornea by scarification, and slight nodules have developed. 



Human. Treponema pallidum is present in the hard chancre, in 

 which it can be found in practically every case; also it is found in 

 the enlarged regional glands. The organisms have also been found 

 in the secondary lesions, particularly in the mucous patches and 

 papules. According to Bandi and Simmonelli, 4 the organisms are 

 occasionally found in the blood, and they have also been observed in 

 blister fluid by Levaditi and Petresco. 5 



In the lesions of tertiary syphilis the organisms are present in but 

 small numbers, although usually these lesions are infective for mon- 

 keys. Noguchi has found the organisms in the cerebral cortex in 

 many cases of general paresis, and Reuter has demonstrated the 

 organisms in the walls of the larger bloodvessels in an individual 

 infected with syphilitic aortitis. The organisms are present in 

 enormous numbers in the liver, spleen and internal organs of cases 

 of congenital syphilis. 



Bacteriological Diagnosis. Collection of Material. The distribution 

 of the organism in syphilitic tissues is quite irregular, the organisms 

 being very numerous in some cases, in other apparently similar cases 

 so few in number that they may be readily overlooked. In congenital 

 syphilis the organisms are extremely numerous; in the lesions of 

 acquired syphilis the organisms are best observed either in the primary 

 or secondary stages. 



1 Centralbl. f. Bakt., 1906, xli, 320. 2 Loc. cit. 



3 Deutsch. med. Wchnschr., 1911, xxxvii, 1540. 

 * Centralbl. f. Bakt., 1905, xl, 64. 

 5 Presse M6dicale, 1905. 



